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• Archive: https://archive.ph/wip/Ol53L In the past, when the arts made the transition from state & religion sponsorship to patron sponsorship, the wealthy commissioned paintings of their likeness in a flattering presentation and the portrait became a staple of the artist’s livelihood.
• Much later, with the advent of photography, the portrait became accessible to the average person, and a whole industry developed to support it.
• The mechanical nature of photography, however, posed a problem for the goal of flattering the subject.
• Makeup and lighting were tools used to present the subject in an idealized way, but often these didn’t go far enough to hide defects that were revealed in glaring detail.
• The art of retouching developed as a way to beautify the subject.